Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 10 Articles
In the present study, Searching for new non toxic antifouling paints have been compared among Ulva fasciata, padina gymnospora and Helimeda macroloba and Halymenia floresia. The seaweeds were extracted with three organic solvents namely methanol, dichloromethane and hexane. The test marine diatoms such as Fragilaria oceanica, Coscinodiscus centralis and Chaetoceros curvisetus were isolated from the retrieved teak wood panel. The crude methanol, dichloromethane and hexane extracts of the U. fasciata, P. gymnospora, H. macroloba and H. floresia were tested against the isolated marine diatoms. Among the extracts, the methanolic extract of P. gymnospora inhibited all the test marine diatoms with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/ml. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profile of the crude extract showed the presence of one bioactive compound with the Rf value of 0.67. This is an incipient investigation which will further the understanding of naturally occurring products for their potential use in antifouling technology....
The hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal\nBasin of southern Poland have highly saline waste water. In\nthe past, such water was often discharged into nearby reservoirs,\nwhich would completely change the physicalââ?¬â??\nchemical properties of the reservoir water. In some cases, it\nalso caused permanent stratification; meromictic reservoirs\nwere created. This paper describes the properties of the water\nin one such reservoir, in a mined out rock quarry in Katowice\n(southern Poland). Three zones characteristic of meromictic\nwater bodies can be distinguished in the reservoir: a surface\natmosphere responsive zone (mixolimnion), a transition\nzone (chemocline), and a bottom unmixed layer (monolimnion).\nFor comparison, baseline conditions for normal reservoir\nwater were assumed to be represented by the nearby\nGrunfeld reservoir, which also formed in a closed quarry, but\nwas not used for disposal of mine waste water....
Lignitic mine soils represent a dual-porosity\nmedium consisting of a technogenic mixture of overburden\nsediments that include porous fragments embedded within\na mostly coarse-textured matrix. Flow and transport process\nin such soils are not sufficiently understood. The\nobjective of this study was to identify the most appropriate\nconceptual model for describing small-scale heterogeneity\neffects on flow based on the physical structure of the system.\nHYDRUS-1D was used to simulate water flow under\nfield conditions. We compared a dual-porosity (mobileââ?¬â??\nimmobile) model simulation of the field soil water with\nfield monitoring results. The predicted and observed water\ncontent were in good agreement. Since the heterogeneity of\nthe lignitic mine soil may lead to preferential flow, Coomassie\nbrilliant blue dyes were applied to the reclaimed\nsurface, revealing preferred flow paths through macropores\nsurrounding the numerous, large rock fragments...
The monthly variations of physico-chemical parameters were studied during January to December 2012 in the Coleroon estuary southeast coast of India. The water temperature ranged between 21.5 and 33.2°C. Salinity fluctuated between 9.6 and 31.4 psu. The pH ranged from 7.5 and 8.3. The DO was ranged from 3.14 to 5.8 mg/l. The nutrients such as nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphate and silicate ranged from 0.23 to 1.4 µmol/l, 3.57 to 10.91 µmol/l, 0.4 to 1.7 µmol/l and 28.73 to 68.9 µmol/l respectively. The DO and nutrients was found to be low in summer and high during monsoon season. Similarly temperature, pH and salinity were low during monsoon and high during summer season....
Objective of this research was to record the morphometric and meristic characters and to estimate the length-weight relationship of the Parapocryptes rictuosus collected from mudflats of Diamond harbor, West Bengal, India. Samples of the P. rictuosus were collected by dip net, scoop net, cast net and hand picking. A total of 280 specimens (157 males and 123 females) ranging from 8 cm to 20.0 cm in size were collected. The morphometric and meristic characters of the fishes were examined (cm). The ‘b’ values traced for males (2.827) and females (2.728) were found to vary significantly. In this study, the slope length (b) was below the expected ‘3’ that indicates that this fish becomes more slender as it increases....
Eight water models were used to assess potential\naquatic environmental effects of the proposed\nGahcho Kue�´ diamond mine on groundwater and surface\nwater flow and quality in the Northwest Territories,\nCanada. This sequence of models was required to cover\ndifferent spatial and temporal domains, as well as specific\nphysico-chemical processes that could not be simulated by\na single model. Where their domains overlapped, the\nmodels were interlinked. Feedback mechanisms amongst\nmodels were addressed through iterative simulations of\nlinked models. The models were used to test and refine\nmitigation plans, and in the development of aquatic component\nmonitoring programs. Key findings generated by\neach model are presented here as testable hypotheses that\ncan be evaluated after the mine is operational. This paper\ntherefore offers a record of assumptions and predictions\nthat can be used as a basis for post-validation...
The present study was undertaken on physico-gas-chemical parameters in seasonal variation from January-2014 to December 2014. The seasonal variations in parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and nutrients like nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, reactive silicate and total suspended solids were studied in Cuddalore coastal waters, Southeast coast of India, for a period of one year during the postmonsoon, summer, premonsoon and monsoon seasons. Surface water temperature varied from 24.0°C to 34.2°C. Salinity varied from 30.2‰ to 35.4‰ and the pH ranged between 8.10 and 8.40. Variation in dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.86 to 6.94 mg/l and the biological oxygen demand varied from 0.297 to 1.387 mg/l. The concentrations of nutrients viz. nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, inorganic phosphates, total phosphate and reactive silicates 0.094 to 1.963; 1.327 to 4.625; 0.085 to 1.985; 2.535 to 9.262; 0.215 to 2.967; 0.736 to 5.068 and 1.392 to 21.639 µmol/l respectively. The total suspended solids 42 to 123 mg/l were also recorded in the study period....
The present study was made to assess spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical characteristics of Uppanar estuary for the period of one year from January 2014 - December 2014. Various parameters like temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonical-nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphate and reactive silicate was studied and was noticed ranged between 23.1°C to 35.5°C, 6.1 to 8.6, 6.85 psu to 33.99 psu, 2.19 to 5.97 mg/l, 0.125 mg/l to 2.920 mg/l, 0.105 µmol/l to 3.458 µmol/l, 4.265 µmol/l to 27.635 µmol/l, 3.565 µmol/l to 26.235 µmol/l, 8.632 µmol/l to 74.202 µmol/l, 0.458 µmol/l to 13.525 µmol/l TP and 10.235 µmol/l to 103.265 µmol/l respectively. The concentrations of nitrate, ammonia, inorganic phosphate silicate level were very high at station 5. The results indicated that the water quality of the Uppanar River was moderately polluted might be due to the continuous discharge of municipal and industrial effluents situated in an around the river....
In this study, the optimization of electrochemical oxidation techniques for textile wastewater treatment was experimentally investigated. After some preliminary study using copper and stainless steel were chosen as the best anode and cathode respectively. The effect of operational parameters such as supporting electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, initial pH and electrolysis time on pH changes and percentage of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The optimum range for each of these operating variables was experimentally investigated. The result obtained show that the percentage of color, COD, BOD, TOC in aqueous phase was removed effectively. Under the optimum operating conditions, sodium chloride concentration of 0.1 M, initial pH 7.67, electrolysis time of 105 minutes, percentage of color and COD removal efficiency reached 96.2%, while for BOD, TOC, removals the percentage is slightly lower....
One significant problem of transboundary river basins causing various challenges\nand disputes throughout the world is that because of increasing water resource\nvariability and consumption, the water demand often exceeds water availability.\nHence, one of the main challenges in transboundary river basin management is how\nto allocate the available water among the riparian states equitably and reasonably. In\nthis study, we propose a novel weighted bankruptcy solution method to cope with the\nproblem of demands or B claims^ exceeding resources or Bassets^. Certain desirable\nkey properties of the proposed method are provided. Furthermore, we investigate its\napplication to the Tigris River, a shared river among Turkey, Syria and Iraq, as a real\ncase. The available water is allocated under two different situations: homogeneous and\nheterogeneous group. We use the Shapley Value and compare the solution with other\nallocation methods applied in this study. The results suggest that this new rule may\nfacilitate negotiation in solving conflict over the allocation of water in transboundary\nriver basins....
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